2012年12月21日星期五

Some people believe that universities should require every student to take a variety of courses outside the student's field of study. Others believe that universities should not force students to take any courses other than those that will help prepare them for jobs in their chosen fields

可供参考老题库210. "Most people choose a career on the basis of such pragmatic considerations as the needs of the economy, the relative ease of finding a job, and the salary they can expect to make. Hardly anyone is free to choose a career based on his or her natural talents or interest in a particular kind of work."

大多数人选择职业是基于很实际的考虑:经济需求、找工作简单、高薪水。很难得有人能从自己的潜质和兴趣出发去自由的寻找一份特定的工作。

Although practical considerations often play a significant role in occupational trends, ultimately the driving forces behind people's career decisions are individual interest and ability.

1. first glance the balance of empirical evidence would seem to lend considerable credence to the speaker's claim

2 However, upon further reflection it becomes clear that the relationship between career seekers and the supply of careers is an interdependent one, and therefore it is unfair to generalize about which one drives the other.

3. Another compelling argument against the speaker's claim has to do with the myriad of ways in which people earn their living.

Begin:确实很多人现在选择职业都是考虑现实的因素,但是我们要清楚很多人其实在选择职业的时候并不清楚自己的兴趣,或者根本没有让他选择职业的机会。

1. 现实的因素很大程度上决定了人们的职业选择。因为现在这个社会普遍比较重视物质财富,而一个有责任的人必须有一份工作来维持生存,并给自己的家庭一定的支持,房子贷款,车子保险,教育,医疗这个都需要钱,所以我们理解大部分人们总是把薪水作为选择自己职业的主要因素。

2. 但是更多的情况的是,人们没有选择工作的机会。因为每年人才市场上总是职业远远少于应聘的人数,除了每年大批的大学毕业生,还有很多因各种原因失业的人,也会参与工作竞争,而那些高薪的工作更是人们主要的争夺对象,不排除少数特别优秀的人,可以同时有几份offer,但是大多数普通的人只有一份工作,甚至还没有,通常这种情况,人们没有选择工作的机会,只能等着雇主选中自己。

3. 但是我们应该看到这样一个事实:根据自己的兴趣选择有利于激发热情,使人在工作中更积极,从而更容易成功。Bill Gates;NBA好多superstar都是从高中直接进入NBA的,如Kobe Bryant,他刚加入球队时,工资很低,第一个赛季出场机会都很少,但篮球是他的兴趣,经过努力,他最终成功了。

4. 所以我们应该培养自己多方面的兴趣。作为学生的我们,应该把每一科都学好,提高自己的能力,这样就会在求职中找到最满意的工作了,既能满足你的生活需要,又是你所喜欢或者擅长的。

End: From what we discussed above, we should understand the situation as the speaker asserted. Meanwhile, 我们应该培养自己多方面的兴趣,以适应这个充满竞争的社会。从而使找到的工作既符合pragmatic considerations,又符合我们的兴趣。

.可供参考老题库 90. "College students should be encouraged to pursue subjects that interest them rather than seek programs that promise entry into the job market."

大学学生应该被鼓励去学习他们感兴趣的学科而不是那些容易找工作的学科。

  Agree

1. Today's parents attach too much importance to the job prospects of their children's education.

2. However, empirical evidence suggests that young people are more likely to succeed in a career that interests them.

现实和理想之兴趣

观点:兴趣重要,但工作也不能忽略

1. 从教育的目的上讨论,兴趣对教育的重要性;

对个人,爱因斯坦有句至理名言:"兴趣是最好的老师";对社会,教育的目的就是为社会培养各种人才,如果不注重学生兴趣,那么他们到社会不可能尽其所能。有时候可能埋没人才。比如一味的强调分数,那么对发明有兴趣的学生可能会失去动力,eg. 达尔文的父亲要求他学医,但他对自然界有强烈的兴趣,最终写出了"进化论";爱因斯坦小时候学习并不好,并不表示他笨,而是没有找到自己的兴趣。所以,教育应该因材施教people oriented principle,teach students in accordance of their aptitude and interesting.

2. 然而,学习如何找到好工作的课程也不能忽略,因为学生最终是要走向社会、走向工作岗位的。 A)除了基础理论课,学校还应教授一些贴近实际应用的课程及工作技能,使学生能够找到合适的岗位,同时以满足社会的需要。 B)学会如何与其他人更好的交流、合作,宽容忍让,teamwork spirit,这些都有助于一个人走出校园之后的事业和发展。当每个人都能找到合适自己的工作,并在岗位上尽职尽责时,社会也会更加繁重稳定。

3. 当然,学校毕竟不是职业培训机构,应该着重在教育而不是针对某一行业的培训。学校更看重的应该是对一个学生的全面培养,除了专业知识和技能的传授,从正确的道德观、人生观和价值观,到处理问题的科学方法和能力,都是学校教育的重点。因此,对于学校来说,一个很好的做法是,必修课与选修课的结合。而这样的方法几乎被所有大学验证是一个非常好的措施。

.可供参考老题库191 "Education should be equally devoted to enriching the personal lives of students and to training students to be productive workers." 教育应该把这两件事看得同等重要-丰富学生的个人生活,把学生培养成生产者。(类似于90T

In my view, preparing students for the mundane aspects of work should be secondary to providing a broader education that equips students with historical and cultural perspective, as well as thoughtful and principled personal value systems and priorities.

1. One reason why educators should emphasize personal enrichment over job preparation is that rote technical knowledge and skill do not help a student determine which goals in life are worthwhile and whether the means of attaining those goals are ethically or morally acceptable.

2. Another reason why educators should emphasize personal enrichment over job preparation is that specific knowledge and skills needed for jobs are changing more and more quickly.

3. A third reason why educators should emphasized personally enriching course work—particularly anthropology, sociology, history, and political philosophy—is that these courses help students understand, appreciate and respect other people and their viewpoints.

现实和理想

1. 最终目的是丰富学生的minds, 交给他们独立思考的能力。这些应该通过自然科学—教会宇宙如何运行如:能量守恒law of conservation of energy,社会科学—教会社会怎样运作如:politics,人文艺术—是他们心灵更丰富,更具有智慧如:history, literature, and paintings music。

2.admittedly, 培养成工人也很重要A 科技发展,对工人要求越来越高。反面说,没有充分技能根本无法上岗B 工作越来越难找。

3.但不是一样重要。A一味强调训练成工人把education降格为training,忽视了教育本身的目的. B科技发展迅速,现在教的以后也用不上。 C倒是 者脑与所教授的内容可能对工作有帮助。如:怎样待人处事。

.可供参考老题库201 "The purpose of education should be to provide students with a value system, a standard, a set of ideas -- not to prepare them for a specific job." 教育的目的应是给学生提供一个价值系统,标准以及一系列理念,而不是使他们为某一特定工作做好准备。(类似于90T

① 灌输基本的价值观和思考的方法是十分重要的。A包括人类的传统美德以及社会的传统文化。拥有基本价值观的人—charity, virtue, honesty, appreciation for others—使得社会稳定。B 思考的方法使得他们自己去探究生命的意义,内省introspect, 生活的层次更高。

② 实际生活中,越来越多的学生难以找到一份满意的工作。对他们个人而言,职业技能的培养也很重要。企业在招人时,并不特别重视这个学生接受了多少价值观的灌输,由于其盈利的本质,只看重能带来多少利益。

③ 仅仅关注职业教育,会使education沦落为training, 培养出一堆没有思考能力的机器。仅仅灌输价值观和思考方法,会使学生在劳动力市场上失利,并最终导致教育的失败。因而最好的方法是将二者结合,本身就并不矛盾。

1. By helping students develop a thoughtful, principled value system educators actually help prepare students for jobs.

2. another reason for my viewpoint lies in the fact that technology-driven industries account for an ever-increasing portion of our jobs.

3. Besides helping students develop their own thoughtful value systems, educators should instill in students certain basic values upon which any democratic society depends; otherwise, our freedom to choose our own jobs and careers might not survive in the long term.

4. Admittedly, values and behavioral standards specific to certain religions are best left to parents and churches.

范文:

The speaker believes that economic and other pragmatic concerns are what drive people's career decisions, and that very few people are free to choose their careers based on their talents and interests. I tend to disagree; although practical considerations often play a significant role in occupational trends, ultimately the driving forces behind people's career decisions are individual interest and ability.

At first glance the balance of empirical evidence would seem to lend considerable credence to the speaker's claim. The most popular fields of study for students today are the computer sciences--fields characterized by a relative glut[Mr.1] of job opportunities. Graduates with degrees in liberal arts often abandon their chosen fields because they cannot find employment, and reenter school in search of more "practical" careers. Even people who have already achieved success in their chosen field are often forced to abandon them due to pragmatic concerns. For example, many talented and creative people from the entertainment industry find themselves looking for other, less satisfying, kinds of work when they turn 40 years of age because industry executives[Mr.2] prefer younger artists who are "tuned in" to the younger demographic[Mr.3] group that purchases entertainment products.

However, upon further reflection it becomes clear that the relationship between career-seekers and the supply of careers is an interdependent one, and therefore it is unfair to generalize about which one drives the other. Consider, for example, the two mainstream fields of computer science and law. In the computer industry it might appear that supply dearly drives job interest--and understandably so, given the highly lucrative financial rewards. But, would our legions of talented programmers, engineers, scientists, and technicians really pursue their careers without a genuine fascination, a passion, or at least an interest in those areas? I think not.

Conversely, consider the field of law, in which it would appear that demand drives the job market, rather than vice versa. The number of applications to law schools soared[Mr.4] during the civil rights movement of the 1960s, and again in the 1980s during the run of the popular television series LA. Lmv. More recently, the number of students pursuing paralegal and criminal-justice careers spiked during and immediately after the O.J. Simpson trial. Query, though, whether these aspiring lawyers and paralegals wood have been sufficiently motivated had the supply of jobs and the financial rewards not already been waiting for them upon graduation.

Another compelling argument against the speaker's claim has to do with the myriad of ways in which people earn their living. Admittedly, the job market is largely clustered around certain mainstream industries and types of work. Nevertheless, if one peers beyond these mainstream occupational areas it becomes evident that many, many people do honor their true interests and talents--in spite of where most job openings lie and regardless of their financial rewards. Creative people seem to have a knack for creating their own unique vocational niche whether it be in the visual or the performing arts; many animal lovers create work which allows them to express that love. Caregivers and nurturers manage to find work teaching, socializing, counseling, and healing others. And people bitten by the travel bug generally have little trouble finding satisfying careers in the travel industry.

In sum, the speaker's threshold claim that it is strictly the pragmatic concerns of job availability and financial compensation that drive people's career decisions oversimplifies both why and how people make career choices. Besides, the speaker's final claim that people are not free to choose their work violates my intuition. In the final analysis, people are ultimately free to choose their work; it's just that they often choose to betray their true talents and interests for the sake of practical, economic considerations.

In my view, preparing students for the mundane[Mr.5] aspects of work should be secondary to providing a broader education that equips students with historical and cultural perspective[Mr.6] , as well as thoughtful and principled personal value systems and priorities[Mr.7] .

1. One reason why educators should emphasize personal enrichment over job preparation is that rote[Mr.8] technical knowledge and skill do not help a student determine which goals in life are worthwhile and whether the means of attaining those goals are ethically or morally acceptable.

2. Another reason why educators should emphasize personal enrichment over job preparation is that specific knowledge and skills needed for jobs are changing more and more quickly.

3. A third reason why educators should emphasized personally enriching course work—particularly anthropology[Mr.9] , sociology, history, and political philosophy—is that these courses help students understand, appreciate and respect other people and their viewpoints.

[Mr.1]glut

名词

1.吃得过多,饱食。

2.充斥;供过于求。

a glut of fruit 水果太多了。

及物动词

1.使满足;使吃饱;使厌腻。

2.使(市场)充斥。

不及物动词

狼吞虎咽。 glut oneself with food 吃得太饱。 glut one's eyes 看够,大饱眼福。 glut one's revenge 出够了气。 glut the market 使存货过剩。

[Mr.2]executive

形容词

1.执行的,实行的,实施的,有执行权力[手腕]的;行政(上)的。

2.行政官的;总经理的。

executive authorities 行政当局。 an executive branch [department] 1. 行政部门。 2. 【航海】作战部。 executive committee 执行委员会。 executive board 理事会。 executive council 咨询会议,行政会议,最高行政会议。 an executive officer =exec.

名词

1.行政部门;行政官;执行委员会。

2.【美商】总经理,董事。

the (Chief) E- 〔美国〕总统;州长;〔英国〕国王。

[Mr.3]demographic

形容词

人口统计(学)的。

[Mr.4]soar

名词

1.高飞,翱翔,飞升。

2.上升高度;高飞范围。

不及物动词

1.高飞,翱翔,飞上去。

2.耸立,屹立。

3.(物价)飞涨,暴腾,猛增;(思想等)向上。

4.【航空】滑翔。

及物动词

〔诗〕飞翔到,高飞到。 beyond the soar of fancy 出乎意料之外;想像不到。 The temperature soared to 80°. 温度猛升到80度。

-er 名词

[Mr.5]mundane

形容词

1.世俗的,现世的,尘世间的 〔cf. spiritual, heavenly〕; 庸俗的。

2.宇宙的。

mundane affairs 俗事。 the mundane era 世界的纪元。

-ly 副词

[Mr.6]perspective

perspective (1)

形容词

(按照)透视画法的;透视的。 a perspective drawing 透视画。 a perspective glass 望远镜。

名词

1.透视画法;透视画;配景,远近配置。

2.远景,景色,眼界。

3.配合,适当比例。

4.洞察力,眼力。

5.观点,看法。

6.希望,前途。

aerial perspective (用色调浓淡表现的)空中透视画法。 angular [linear] perspective 斜线[直线]透视画法。 in perspective 按照透视画法的[地];展望中的[地];正确的[地];【数学】连成一行 (see things in perspective 正确地看待事物)。 out of perspective 不合透视画法;不正确地。

-ly 副词

按照透视法;远近分明地。

perspective

perspective (2)

名词

透镜,望远镜。

[Mr.7]priority

名词

1.(时间、顺序上的)先,前。

2.较重要;上席;上位;重点,优先(权);先取权。

3.优先配给;优先考虑的事。

establish an order of priority 确定讨论项目的次序。 give priority to 把优先权让给…。 priority of one's claim to another's 某人的要求比另一人的更重要。 according to priority 依照次序,依次。 take priority of 比…居先;得…的优先权。

[Mr.8]rote

rote (1)

名词

1.死记,死背。

2.机械方法;刻板办法;固定程序。

by rote 死记;机械地 (do by rote 呆板地做。 have [get, learn] by rote 死记)。

rote

rote (2)

名词

【音乐】=rotte.

[Mr.9]anthropology

名词

人类学。



Orignal From: Some people believe that universities should require every student to take a variety of courses outside the student's field of study. Others believe that universities should not force students to take any courses other than those that will help prepare them for jobs in their chosen fields

All parents should be required to volunteer time to their children's schools

可供参考老题库154. "Both parents and communities must be involved in the local schools. Education is too important to leave solely to a group of professional educators."

父母和社会都必须参与到地方的学校中。教育太重要了以至于不能把教育完全交给一群职业教育者。

  Educators, parents and communities can and should join efforts to create a healthy learning environment for children.

A. First of all, we should never look down upon the key role that professional educators play in fostering the younger generation.

B. Meanwhile, both parents and communities can make significant contribution to school education.

C. Without a constructive family and community environment, it would be almost impossible for school education to fulfill its noble mission.

教育之合作

观点:承认教育仅依靠老师是不够的,parents and communities也应该参与到教育中来。但是一定要适度,否则反而会影响教育。

1. 必须承认,parents and communities对于教育起着至关重要的作用。首先(parents are the first and best educators for their children's growth. They have a great influence on the children's character and mentality and become the model of their children),作为父母,他们是孩子的第一任老师,自己的言行举止都会影响到孩子,成为孩子的榜样。而且家长们要比学者更了解他们的孩子,比如性格特点等,让家长参与到教学中来能够帮助教育工作者了解这些孩子各自不同的特点,并采取不同的教学方法。而且,孩子有大段时间是不在学校的。若家长利用这些时间带孩子外出旅游,或增加他们与大自然的接触,就可以broaden their horizon。若父母不参与到教育中,不在学校的时间孩子可能玩电游,或在一起看暴力片violence、或打架斗殴。

2. 其次,对于communities,可以为孩子的成长提供良好的环境Sociability is a crucial factor for one's future development and success。With the communities' participation, local schools will do better in instructing children, especially in the respect of moral instruction. 科学家指出:在良好的社区环境中成长的孩子,干净的社区环境、和谐的社区气氛对孩子成长十分有益。而且学校的一些活动、如历史教育需要参观历史博物馆history museum等等,这都需要社区的配合。

3. 但是,毫无疑问让家长和社区参与到学校中来也会造成一些问题。首先,家长们总是更乐于从有利于自己的孩子的角度出发,没有大局观,反而有时会误导自己的孩子。而有些父母对于自己生活中的某种遗憾会变成对孩子的期望,不能真正让孩子学习自己感兴趣的东西;其次,家长和社区都缺乏专业的培训,难以了解专业教学法的作用,有时候甚至阻碍方法的实施。

4. 而专业的老师,受过教育心理学,相关的学习与培训,更容易引导学生进行有效的学习。比如培养学生兴趣;知道对于哪些类型的学生应采取什么样的教学方式,如耐心的指导孤立且表现不好的学生,而不是一味的催促他们学习。

范文:

Should parents and communities participate in local education because education is too important to leave to professional educators, as the speaker asserts? It might be tempting [Mr.1] to agree with the speaker, based on a parent's legal authority over, familiarity with, and interest in his or her own children. However, a far more compelling argument can be made that, except for major decisions such as choice of school, a child's education is best left to professional educators.

Communities of parents concerned about their children's education rely on three arguments for active parental and community participation in that process. The first argument, and the one expressed most often and vociferously, is that parents hold the ultimately legal authority to make key decisions about what and how their own children learn including choice of curriculum and text books, pace and schedule for learning, and the extent to which their child should learn alongside other children. The second argument is that only a parent can truly know the unique needs of a child including what educational choices are best suited for the child. The third argument is that parents are more motivated--by pride and ego--than any other person to take whatever measures are needed to ensure their children receive the best possible education.

Careful examination of these three arguments, however, reveals that they are specious at best. As for the first one, were we to allow parents the right to make all major decisions regarding the education of their children, many children would go with little or no education. In a perfect world parents would always make their children's education one of their highest priorities. Yet, in fact many parents do not. As for the second argument, parents are not necessarily best equipped to know what is best for their child when it comes to education. Although most parents might think they are sufficiently expert by virtue of having gone through formal education themselves, parents lack the specialized training to appreciate what pedagogical[Mr.2] methods are most effective, what constitutes a balanced education, how developmental psychology affects a child's capacity for learning at different levels and at different stages of childhood. Professional educators, by virtue of their specialized training in these areas, are far better able to ensure that a child receives a balanced, properly paced education.

There are two additional compelling arguments against the speaker's contention. First, parents are too subjective to always know what is truly best for their children. For example, many parents try to overcome their own shortcomings and failed self-expectations vicariously[Mr.3] through their children's accomplishments. Most of us have known parents who push their child to excel in certain areas--to the emotional and psychological detriment[Mr.4] of the child. Secondly, if too many parties become involved in making decisions about day-to-day instruction, the end result might be infighting, legal battles, boycotts[Mr.5] , and other protests, all of which impede the educational process; and the ultimate victims are the children themselves. Finally, in many jurisdictions[Mr.6] parents now have the option of schooling their children at home, as long as certain state requirements are met. In my observation, home schooling allows parents who prefer it great control over a child's education, while allowing the professional educators to discharge[Mr.7] their responsibilities as effectively as possible-- unfettered[Mr.8] by gadfly[Mr.9] parents who constantly interfere and intervene.

In sum, while parents might seem better able and better motivated to make key decisions about their child's education, in many cases they are not. With the possible exceptions of responsible home-schoolers, a child's intellectual, social, and psychological development is at risk when communities of parents dominate the decision-making process involving education.

[Mr.1]tempting

形容词

诱惑的,迷人的。 This orange looks very tempting. 这个橘子看来很吸引人。 a tempting market 吸引人的市面。

-ly 副词

[Mr.2]pedagogical

形容词

教育学的,教授法的;教师的。 pedagogic research group 教研组。

-gogically 副词

[Mr.3]vicarious

形容词

1.代理(人)的。

2.替代(别人)的;做替身的;(想像别人的苦乐而)产生同感[共鸣]的。

3.【医学】替代(性)的。

vicarious authority 代理职权。 vicarious haemorrhage 【医学】替代性出血。

-ly 副词,-ness 名词

[Mr.4]detriment

名词

1.损害,伤害。

2.有害物。

to the detriment of 有损于,不利于。 without detriment to 不损害[损伤],无损于。

[Mr.5]boycott

及物动词

1.联合抵制;抵制(货物等)。

2.一致与…绝交。

boycott a nation 对某国实行抵制。 boycott a commercial product 抵制某种商品。 boycott sb. 一致不与某人往来。

名词

联合抵制;联合拒绝购买〔使用、经售等〕。 a class boycott 罢课。 put sb. [shop, goods] under a boycott 对某人〔商店、货物〕实行联合抵制。

[Mr.6]jurisdiction

名词

1.裁判权;司法;司法权。

2.管辖权;管辖范围;权限。

be under the jurisdiction of sb. 在某人管辖[权限]之下。 exercise [have] jurisdiction over sb. 对某人有裁判权。

-al 形容词

[Mr.7]discharge

及物动词

1.发射(炮等),打(枪),射(箭)。

2.起,卸(货)。

3.排泄,排出,放出(水等)。

4.释放;解除,免除(义务等);遣散(军人),使退役;放走,放行,罢免,解雇。

5.尽(义务等),履行,践(约等);清偿(债务)。

6.【电学】放(电)。

7.(印染中)除去染料[颜色],漂白,拔染。

8.【法律】撤销(命令)。 discharge a bow 开弓。 discharge an arrow from a bow 射箭。 discharge a gun 开炮。 discharge a ship 卸货。 discharge one's duties 尽责。 A chimney discharges smoke. 烟囱冒烟。

不及物动词

1.卸货,起货。

2.(疮等)出脓,出水。

3.(染料、墨水等)洇,沁,渗。

4.放电。

5.(枪炮等)发射。

discharge (sb.) from (service; office; hospital; prison) 解(雇);免(职);使出(医院);使出(狱)。 (The river) discharge (itself) into (the sea) (河)流注(海中)。 discharge oneself of one's duty 尽(义务)。

名词

1.发射,射出。

2.起货,卸货。

3.流出,排泄;流量;排泄物。

4.免除,释放;退伍,退役;解雇,免职。

5.退伍[解职,释放]证明书。

6.履行;清账,清偿欠款;(担保的)解除。

7.【电学】放电。

8.【纺织;印染】(印染中的)漂白(剂)。

be ready for the discharge from the hospital 随时皆可出院。 discharge from the ears [eyes, nose] 耳屎[眼屎,鼻涕]。 the discharge of contract 契约的解除。

[Mr.8]unfettered

形容词

解去脚镣的;没有受到拘束的,自由的。 the unfettered press 自由出版(权)。

[Mr.9]gadfly

名词

1.【动物;动物学】虻,牛虻。

2.讨厌的人。

3.强烈的刺激[冲动]。



Orignal From: All parents should be required to volunteer time to their children's schools

A nation should require all of its students to study the same national curriculum until they enter college

反对

1. On the one hand, a national curriculum contributes to preserving a unified national culture and national cohesion.

2. Furthermore, a general curriculum decided by authority rather than by local schools avoids limiting students to a narrow scope of knowledge too early.

3. On the other hand, in a multi-cultural society, different ethnic communities should be given the opportunity to preserve and promote their traditional cultures.

4. It's beneficial to grant local schools the freedom to offer students some elective courses, which can help the school to build its unique culture charisma.

1. 为培养一个人生存所必备的能力,使学生获得起码的知识水平与思想,国家需要制定统一的必修课。比如统一学习国家的历史,文学入门,语言,history makes people get a general view of a nation???可以can ensure all of our students be favored with the opportunity to learn all merits of the traditional values that have been created and tested for a long time by our ancestors比如学习数学,物理,化学这些学科,培养足够的逻辑思维和认知能力cognitive skill, logic ability in order to form rigorous[Mr.1] thought

2. In addition, 使得学生能够站在相同的起跑线上the unified national curriculum can provide the students in the different part of the nation with the equal opportunity to receive a high quality of education,而且有助于大学设置课程 provide a predictable foundation upon which college administrators and faculty could more easily build curricular and select course materials for freshmen that are neither below nor above their level of educational experience, 如果学生素质差别太大,很难找到一个合适的起点。Q保证教材的质量全国同一的教材可以请专家来编写,教材质量有保障,而一些地方可能没有条件来编教材

3. 然而,同一课程pose certain amount of detrimental effects. A)同一国家不同民族和地区的文化、信仰可能不同,若完全同一课程会破坏这些习俗和传统。比如一个民族需要学习自己的语言和文化,就应该开设这样的课程。 B)各个地区的经济水平不同,很难采取同一的课程。经济较发达地区可以开设一些好的课程,比如游泳、计算机,但一些落后地区可能无法开展这些课程。所以采用完全同一的课程是不现实的,支持各级政府因地制宜,发展教育。C)对于表现出色的学生,因材施教或者向其他放弃读大学的学生提供专业的技术培训课程,以便他们走入社会。

4. 因此,正确的对待国家教材的态度应当是,一方面,国家教材应当专注于基本道德观念和原理的灌输,设置一些同一的基础课程;而另一方面,各地区应该根据自身的需要和条件,学生的特点设置一些特殊的课程,以满足学生的需要。

范文

The speaker would prefer a national curriculum for all children up until college instead of allowing schools in different regions the freedom to decide on their own curricula. I agree insofar as some common core curriculum would serve useful purposes for any nation. At the same time, however, individual states and communities should have some freedom to augment any such curriculum as they see fit; otherwise, a nation's educational system might defeat its own purposes in the long term.

A national core curriculum would be beneficial to a nation in a number of respects. First of all, by providing all children with fundamental skills and knowledge, a common core curriculum would help ensure that our children grow up to become reasonably informed, productive members of society. In addition, a common core curriculum would provide a predictable foundation upon which college administrators and faculty could more easily build curricula and select course materials for freshmen that are neither below nor above their level of educational experience. Finally, a core curriculum would ensure that all school-children are taught core values upon which any democratic society depends to thrive, and even survive--values such as tolerance of others with different viewpoints, and respect for others.

However, a common curriculum that is also an exclusive one would pose certain problems, which might outweigh the benefits, noted above. First of all, on what basis would certain course work be included or excluded, and who would be the final decision-maker? In all likelihood these decisions would be in the hands of federal legislators and regulators, who are likely to have their own quirky notions of what should and should not be taught to children--notions that may or may not reflect those of most communities, schools, or parents. Besides, government officials are notoriously susceptible to influence-peddling by lobbyists who do not have the best interests of society's children in mind.

Secondly, an official, federally sanctioned[Mr.1] curriculum would facilitate[Mr.2] the dissemination[Mr.3] of propaganda[Mr.4] and other dogma[Mr.5] , which because of its biased and one-sided nature undermines the very purpose of true education: to enlighten. I can easily foresee the banning of certain text books, programs, and websites which provide information and perspectives[Mr.6] that the government might wish to suppress[Mr.7] --as some sort of threat to its authority and power. Although this scenario[Mr.8] might seem far-fetched, these sorts of concerns[Mr.9] are being raised already at the state level.

Thirdly, the inflexible[Mr.10] nature of a uniform national curriculum would preclude[Mr.11] the inclusion of programs, courses, and materials that are primarily of regional or local significance. For example, California requires children at certain grade levels to learn about the history of particular ethnic groups who make up the state's diverse population. A national curriculum might not allow for this feature, and California's youngsters would be worse off as a result of their ignorance about the traditions, values, and cultural[Mr.12] contributions of all the people whose citizenship they share.

Finally, it seems to me that imposing a uniform national curriculum would serve to undermine the authority of parents over their own children, to even a greater extent than uniform state laws currently do. Admittedly, laws requiring parents to ensure that their children receive an education that meets certain minimum standards are well-justified, for the reasons mentioned earlier. However, when such standards are imposed by the state rather than at the community level parents are left with far less power to participate meaningfully in the decision-making process. This problem would only be exacerbated[Mr.13] were these decisions left exclusively[Mr.14] to federal regulators.

In the final analysis, homogenization of elementary and secondary education would amount to a double-edged sword. While it would serve as an insurance policy against a future populated with illiterates[Mr.15] and ignoramuses[Mr.16] , at the same time it might serve to obliterate[Mr.17] cultural diversity and tradition. The optimal[Mr.18] federal approach, in my view, is a balanced one that imposes a basic curriculum yet leaves the rest up to each state--or better yet, to each community.


[Mr.1]Bilingual Dictionary

sanction

名词

1.批准;准许;承认。

2.赏罚;处罚;【法律】惩罚。

3.〔主 pl. 〕(对侵略者等的)制裁;良心制裁,制裁力,约束力。

4.【历史】法令。

social sanction 社会的制裁。 moral sanction 道德制裁。 punitive [vindicatory] sanction 惩罚。 give sanction to 批准,同意。 suffer the last sanction of the law 被处死刑。 take sanctions against 对…采取制裁手段。

及物动词

1.批准;认可;承认。

2.支持,赞许。

[Mr.2]facilitate

及物动词

1.使容易,使顺当。

2.助长,促进。

The broken lock facilitated my entrance into the empty house. 门锁坏了,使我得以进入这个空屋。 ★此词不以人作主语。

-tation 名词

[Mr.3]dissemination

名词

播种;传播;散布。

[Mr.4]propaganda

名词

1.〔口语〕宣传;宣传计划;宣传方法;传播。

2.宣传部,宣传机关。

3.〔the P-〕 【天主教】布教总会[学校]。

make propaganda for 为…宣传。 set up a propaganda for 设立…的宣传机关。

及物动词,不及物动词

= propagandize.

[Mr.5]dogma

名词

(pl. dogmas, dogmata ) 〔罕用语〕

1.教义,教理,教条;信条。

2.定论;独断论,武断的意见。

the dogma of the Assumption 【宗教】关于圣母升天的教义。 a political dogma 政治信条。

[Mr.6]perspective

perspective (1)

形容词

(按照)透视画法的;透视的。 a perspective drawing 透视画。 a perspective glass 望远镜。

名词

1.透视画法;透视画;配景,远近配置。

2.远景,景色,眼界。

3.配合,适当比例。

4.洞察力,眼力。

5.观点,看法。

6.希望,前途。

aerial perspective (用色调浓淡表现的)空中透视画法。 angular [linear] perspective 斜线[直线]透视画法。 in perspective 按照透视画法的[地];展望中的[地];正确的[地];【数学】连成一行 (see things in perspective 正确地看待事物)。 out of perspective 不合透视画法;不正确地。

-ly 副词

按照透视法;远近分明地。

perspective

perspective (2)

名词

透镜,望远镜。

[Mr.7]suppress

及物动词

1.镇压,压制;扑灭(火等)。

2.止住,忍住(泪,欲望等);隐瞒(证据等)。

3.禁止(书等的)发卖,禁止发行;删掉。

suppress a yawn 忍住呵欠。 with laughter suppressed 忍住笑。

-er 名词

〔美国〕=supperssor.

[Mr.8]scenario

名词

(pl. scenarios) 〔意大利语〕

1.【戏剧】剧情说明。

2.歌剧脚本;电影剧本。

3.方案。

a scenario editor 电影剧本编辑。 a scenario writer 电影剧[脚]本作者。

[Mr.9]concern

及物动词

1.关系到;影响,涉及(某人的)利害。

2.〔用被动语态〕干与,干涉,参加,从事 (in)。

3.使关心 (with),担心,挂念,忧虑 (for, about, over) 〔参看 concerned〕。

It doesn't concern me. = I am not concerned with it. 那件事和我没关系[我不知情]。 I am concerned to tell you of it. 我打算把那件事告诉你。 I am much concerned to hear that ... 我听见…后十分着急。 be concerned about 关心;挂念,顾虑。 Don't concern yourself about his opinion. 不要管他的意见。 be concerned in 和…有关系,牵涉到。 be concerned with 干与,参与;关怀。 concern oneself about 关心,挂念。 concern oneself with [in] 从事,参与,干与,干涉。 My honour is concerned. 有关我的名誉。 as concerns 关于。 so far as I am concerned 就我个人来说。

名词

1.关系;利害关系。

2.关心,挂念,担心。

3.商行,公司;财团;康采恩;事业,业务;〔pl.〕事件,事情。

4.〔口语〕(泛指)事物,家伙〔指有缺点的人〕。

It is no concern of mine. 与我无关。 a flourishing concern兴盛的事业[商号]。 a going concern开着的商店。 a rickety old concern年久失修的老建筑。 a petty concern细事。 a selfish concern自私的家伙。 everyday concerns 日常事务。 worldly concerns 世事。 I can manage my own concerns. 自己的事总可以解决。 feel concern about 担心,挂念。 have a concern in 和…有利害关系。 have no concern for 毫不关心;完全不怕。 have no concern with 和…毫无关系。 matter of the utmost concern(关系)重大的事件。 of concern 关系重大的;有关系的。 with concern 忧虑着,惦记着。 He inquired with (grow) concern. 他殷切询问。 without concern不关心;不怕。

[Mr.10]inflexible

形容词

1.不可弯曲的。

2.不屈服的,刚直的;坚强的,坚定的。

3.不变的,固定的。

an inflexible rule 硬性的规定。 An inflexible tactics 呆板的战术。 An inflexible will 坚强的意志。

-bility 名词,-bly 副词

[Mr.11]preclude

及物动词

1.排除,预防,消灭,杜绝。

2.阻断(路等),阻止;使不可能,防碍。

A prior engagement will preclude them from coming. 他们因为有约在先,不能来了。 so as to preclude all doubts 为了消除疑点。

-clusion 名词,-clusive 形容词

[Mr.12]cultural

形容词

1.耕作的,开垦的,栽培[培养]的。

2.教养的,修习的。

3.文化的。

control 耕作防除。 cultural exchange 文化交流。

-ly 副词

(a culturally advanced country 高度文明的国家)。

[Mr.13]exacerbate

及物动词

1.使(病等)更重[恶化],加深(痛苦等)。

2.激怒,使烦恼。

[Mr.14]exclusive

形容词

1.除外的;排外的,排他的,(俱乐部等)不公平的,势利的,非大众化的。

2.孤高的。

3.独占的;独有的,唯一的;专有的,专属的。

4.全部的。

5.[美]时髦的。

6.(商店、商品等)高级的,价格高的,别处没有的。

7.不计及,不算入 (of) (opp. inclusive).

an exclusive aggressive bloc 排他性的侵略集团。

an exclusive agency policy 独家代理政策。 exclusive jurisdiction 专辖权。 exclusive of expenses 除去费用不算。 exclusive privileges 独有的特权。 exclusive rights for the sale of 专售权。 an exclusive selling agency 独家经销店。 an exclusive school (限上层阶级子弟入学的)专设学校。 exclusive species 【植物;植物学】确限种,专见种。 exclusive voice 【法律】否认权,否决权。 an exclusive hotel 高级旅馆。 be exclusive in manner 态度傲慢。 exclusive of 除;不算,不计 (opp. inclusive of) (from 10 to 21 exclusive 从11到20〔10和21除外〕)。

名词

1.独家新闻。

2.专有权。

3.孤傲者。

4.【数学】不可兼。

-ly 副词,-ness 名词

[Mr.15]illiterate

形容词

1.不识字的,未受教育的,文盲的。

2.缺乏语言[文学]方面知识的。

3.语言错误的。

an illiterate letter 语言错误百出的信。

名词

失学者,文盲。

-ly 副词,-ness 名词

[Mr.16]ignoramus

名词

没有知识的人;愚人。

[Mr.17]obliterate

及物动词

1.涂去,擦去,删去(文字等);消灭…的痕迹。

2.使消失;除去;抹杀;使淹没;使被忘却。

-ative 形容词,-ator 名词

[Mr.18]optimal

形容词

最适宜的;最理想的;最好的 (opp. pessimal)。

 

[Mr.1]rigorous

形容词

1.严格的,严肃的;严厉的。

2.严峻的,严酷的,苛刻的;凛烈的。

3.严密的,精确的。


Orignal From: A nation should require all of its students to study the same national curriculum until they enter college

2012年12月19日星期三

2013年托福考试日历

月份

考试日期

1(已确定)

2013年1月12日  09:00

(有可能为新题,使用机经需谨慎)

2013年1月13日  09:00(旧题)

2013年1月26日  09:00

(旧题,也有可能转播北美新题)

2013年1月27日  09:00(旧题)

3

(2012年12月初最终确定)

2013年3月2日  09:00

(有可能为新题或转播,使用机经需谨慎)

2013年3月3日  09:00(旧题)

2013年3月16日  09:00

(有可能为新题,使用机经需谨慎)

2013年3月17日  09:00(旧题)

2013年3月24日  09:00(旧题)

2013年3月30日  09:00(旧题)

4

(2013年1月初最终确定)

2013年4月14日  09:00

(有可能为新题,使用机经需谨慎)

2013年4月20日  09:00(旧题)

5

(2013年2月初最终确定)

2013年5月11日  09:00(旧题)

2013年5月18日  09:00(旧题)

2013年5月26日  09:00(旧题)

6

(2013年3月初最终确定)

2013年6月8日  09:00(旧题)

2013年6月15日  09:00(旧题)

2013年6月30日  09:00(旧题)

2013年7月-12月

暂无预测

 

以下的时间最新的托福考试有所改动,大家一定要注意平时练习时间啊!

考试当天

1.根据目前近一年的机经分析,全球的IBT考试,同一天,确切说同一时刻(可能有按照当地时间,大陆是2号早上考,北美是1号晚上考,其实差不多同 时考试),考试题目都是一样的(加考题目可能不同)。已知的唯一例外是9.23日的考试题目,北美和大陆有所不同。(时间上还是同一天的,当时基本是大陆 考生刚刚考完,北美考生刚刚入场),估计是因为9.23原本不是大陆考试计划之内,作为提供给9.15没能考成的特别加考,所以两地题目不同。

2.以下时刻假定以早上10点考试为准,假设出现了听力加考。

3.目前为止,加考一直在进行,但如果遇到了阅读部分的加考题目,就不再做到听力部分的加考题目,如果没有遇到阅读部分的加考,就会有听力部分的加考 题要做。加考题目其实是ETS准备日后出的题目,以加考形式出现主要是为了检验这些题目的质量。加考题目将不会被记入考生此次考试的成绩里,但考生也无法 知道自己遇到的哪些题目是加考试题。

上午9:00-9:30

  这个时候应该在考试路上了吧,比较谨慎出门早的朋友可能已经到了考点了。反正要在9点半之前到考点。

上午9:30-10:00(进入考点,准备开始考试)

  这个时候考生们大都会被安排进入一个房间/区域(多半还不是考场),填写一张表格,是有关个人信息和要求抄写一段誓词(主要是说考试以后不会把考试信 息透露出去)。抄写完了以后交给老师。这时,考点很可能还会让考生填写成绩单寄送的地址和缴费(包括大陆在内的东亚地区,成绩单一般要考后2个月才能寄到 考生手里,虽然考生在考后15个工作日可以上网查到成绩)。之后,就应该是排队拍照,和让监考人员查验证件了。证件检验完毕,照片拍好之后,就是进入了考 场正式考试了。至于自己所携带的物品(包),大多数考场应该是让学生放在考场之外的某个区域,少数可能让考生放在考场的某个区域。考生自己真正能携带进入 考场的,其实只有证件而已。当然,还有考场发放的铅笔和3张彩色草稿纸。至于铅笔和草稿纸能否再要,各个考场好像规定也不太一样。

  考场其实就是一个机房,一般有30-40台计算机。大部分考场的电脑都有隔板,大多数考场用的都是液晶显示器(LCD),一般来说对眼睛比较好,也有少数考场用了显像管显示器(CRT),可能比较容易产生视疲劳。

  一些北美考场可能还有食物和饮水提供,大陆考场好像监管比较严格,水也不能带进考场。

  最后,说明一下,目前IBT考试的系统还称不上完美,做题时可能有"卡壳"现象发生,一般以一分钟以内的短暂停留居多。也有发生较长时间"卡壳"的, 那就差不多算死机了,监考人员会给考生一台新的电脑,考生的答题内容应该是实时存在ETS的服务器中,一般都可以从中断的部分开始做起。如果考场内有很多 电脑都出现问题,考生一直无法正常进行考试,则这次考试只能被取消,考生将会得到下一次免费再考的机会。上午10:00-11:05(阅读无加考的话,实 际考试时间应该是60分钟,多算了5分钟系统等待和阅读考试说明的时间)

  这个时候,是考试的第一部分,阅读。正式考试时,考生就坐后,还要等待监考人员启动考试软件,然后确认软件上显示的考生信息无误后,才能正式开始考试。考试的界面是全屏的,还有熟悉CS的朋友指出该软件可能是Java编写的。

  进入阅读部分时要注意,曾有网友遇到进入阅读考试界面后,监考人员不让按continue按键的情况,结果阅读第一篇没有做成。根据其他考友反 映,continue按键不按的话,考试题目是不会出现的,而只要开始阅读考试,就进入了倒计时状态。所以各位考生要注意还是应该抓紧做题。

  关于按continue,还有一个细节,就是要把阅读文章的滚动条拉到底(估计也就是表示看完了文章),按continue才有效,界面另一侧才会显示考题。

  做阅读题的时候,三篇文章一共的时间是60分钟,考试可以自由支配每篇文章的答题时间。做完了第三篇,就能知道加考阅读还是听力了,如果继续有阅读要 做,那么就会做第四、第五两篇,还是共用40分钟,算是阅读的第三个部分,如果没有遇到阅读要做,那么就会进入听力考试,而听力将会考查9段材料,三个部 分。这里要说明的是,阅读考试的题目,只要在相应考试部分内,是可以返回去修改的。也就是说第一篇文章的题目,在20分钟内,做过的题目可以返回去修改。 第二、三篇和第四、五篇(加考的话)的做过的题目,在相应的40分钟内,也是可以返回修改的。这和听力不能返回修改是不一样的。

  另外就是要指出的是,如果遇到了加考,加考的两篇文章的题目虽然不算分,但是考生无法知道考试的加考是哪两篇。不一定是最后两篇,加考文章可能是考生遇到的任何两篇,比如第三和第五篇。

  还要注意的是,做完了一个部分的阅读,系统会提示考生进入下一部分,考生可以按continue,不按的话,系统大约等待1-2分钟后也还是会自动进 入下一部分的。大陆开考之后不久,曾有网友指出阅读部分可以利用系统读取题目的时间,反复切换题目(系统读题的时间不会记入倒计时),"赚取"时间,但后 来也有一些网友反映系统读题一般只在初次读题时会有短暂延迟,之后再要回过头切换题目,几乎是实时的,没有延迟。

  阅读部分的考试,考生们大都反映和OG阅读的难度、风格相近,做过Delta的朋友要注意了,阅读文章和Delta的阅读文章难度相近,但是题目选项的话,Delta的选项比考试好选很多,考试题目的选项有比较明显的干扰性。

  关于阅读部分的出题,目前反映大都是按照顺序出题的,只有个别题目可能会乱序出题。

11:05-12:20(假设听力加考)

  听力开始不久,会有提示让考生佩戴耳机,之后是让考生调节音量。有细心的网友指出,这两个环节是非常特别的电脑不会自动进入下一步的环节。也就是说, 只有等考生按了continue确认,系统才会进入下一个步骤。所以这两个环节,可以让过早进入考场,但又想晚点开考口语的朋友利用来拖延时间(不过大家 如果都这么做,考试也难以进行了:P)。

  听力考试没有加考的话应该是两个部分组成,每个部分20多分钟,若有加考,则加试一个部分。每个部分由一段(校园)对话和两段(学术)讲座组成。(校 园)对话一般集中在两种场景,一类往往是学生和教授/老师的对话,多讨论学习进展,论文写作等话题,一类往往是学生和学校(宿舍、图书馆等)管理员之间的 对话,往往是学生遇到了住宿,借书之类的问题和管理员商量解决问题的办法。(学术)讲座内容比较广泛,而且也不一定都是教授/老师一个人讲,期间可能会有 和学生的讨论穿插其中(往往还是考点)。

  每部分17个问题,每当一段听力材料结束后,进入答题界面,此时会进入倒计时,每部分共用10分钟答题。也就是说,一段材料放完后,平均有3分20秒可以用来回答5-6个问题。不过大多数考生都反映10分钟答题足够了,往往还会多出1两分钟。

  要注意的是,听力题目每一题做好之后,是不能返回,不能修改的。而且也只有按照顺序,一题做完,才能做下一题,这和阅读考试做题能返回修改很不一样。

  这里假设听力有加考,则一共要考9段材料(3段对话,6段讲座)。但同样地,无法知道哪些材料是加考篇目。如果听力没有加考,则只考6段材料(2段对话,4段讲座)。

  听力部分的考试难度,考生大都反映比OG的听力稍难些,比Delta的听力稍简单些,速度也慢些。考试中听力题目选项的干扰性大体上不太明显。

12:20-12:30(实际可能还要多休息一两分钟,因为要等工作人员输入密码开启系统)

  休息时间。这是考生有十分钟"强制"休息,说强制,是因为此时电脑系统进入倒计时状态,10分钟的时间没有走完,是不能进入下一阶段的口语考试的。当 然,实际情况往往是考生一个个先后进入到了休息时间。虽然NEEA对大陆考生的规定非常严格,不允许考生在这10分钟内离开座位,不允许进食饮水(如果要 离开,比如上洗手间,只能在考试进行之时,放弃考试时间离开座位去洗手间,这也就是网上流传的所谓"第二次"休息时间的由来)。不过估计是这样的规定实在 过于严苛,目前考场一般还是允许考生在这十分钟里离开座位去洗手间的,不过大多数考场只允许同时离场的学生只有一位男生和一位女生。如果考生要在休息时间 进食饮水,不少考场也允许,不过好像都要在考场之外。

相对而言,海外的考场大都比较宽松,去洗手间比较自由,大都还有专门的休息室提供饮水甚至食物。

  另外,这10分钟里,准备了模版或一些口语背诵段子的朋友,可以在此时在草稿纸上写下模版等材料,对照了报名网站上的考生规则,这应该不是被禁止的行为。

12301250

  口语考试。这部分考试的开始,其实往往是一个个来的,因为考生要重新进入考试系统,还需要监考人员来为每一台电脑重新输入密码。而由于口语考试题目大 家都一样,所以会很很多考生准备听周围考生的回答来"预测"考题。对于早到的朋友来说,刚才在听力部分已经介绍了拖延时间的办法,根据提供这一消息的网友 反映,口语考试时,仍旧会有提示戴上耳机和调节音量两个环节可以用来拖延时间。(不过不太建议过于利用这些"机会",一来可能周围先做的朋友不一定回答准 确,二来可能会对听到的信息判断失误,甚至主观上先建立了印象而影响了对题目的正确理解。)

  口语考试正式开始前,一般有一段试录音,让考生回答一个问题,计算机来检测是否录音成功。好像大都是谈论一个你喜欢/所在的城市。想要"预测"考题的朋友们要注意了,如果听到的"第一个"回答是有关城市的,应该是试音用的题目,而非正式考题。

  测试录音的时候,如果遇到录音失败,最可能的情况是考生说话的声音不够大。有考过的朋友反映,当时也是调整了好几次音量才测试成功的。如果出现这种情况的朋友,一定要记住你测试的时候说话的音量大小,以免真考的时候又回到了你习惯的音量说话,影响口语分数。

口语考试共有6道题目,大约20分钟。

  前两题要求考生在听/看到题目15秒内准备,在之后紧接着的45秒内回答。

  第一题是讲述考试身边的事情。比如你尊敬的一个人及原因,你喜欢的一本书及原因,你印象深刻的一个活动/典礼及原因。

  第二题是二选一或支持/反对某一观点的问题,非常像旧托福TWE185的题目。

  第三、四题会给考生45秒来读一段阅读材料,之后阅读材料不再显示,让考生听一段1分多钟的相关录音材料。然后要考生根据阅读和听力材料回答问题。考生有30秒钟准备,60秒钟回答。

  第三题的阅读材料较常见的是学校贴出了一张通知/告示,说要采取某方面的新措施、新政策。然后列举原因。听力材料则是学生对新措施、新政策的讨论。

  第四题的阅读材料和听力材料一般都是学术问题。

  第五题和第六题考生会听到1分多种的听力材料,然后根据听力材料回答问题。考生有20秒钟准备,60秒钟回答。

  第五题较多见的是一个学生遇到了问题,另一个学生(或老师)帮助出主意,一般来说会提出两个主意,然后考生除了会被要求复述场景相关内容外,还要指出你觉得那一个方案更好,并简单说说理由。

  第六题是一个学术段子。

  一般来说,口语考试时的笔记记录对考试帮助较大,就算第一、第二题,如果能在15秒的准备时间里简单写一两个提纲之或关键词汇,对回答往往也有帮助。

  要注意的是口语考试时虽然耳机可以抵消一部分外界干扰,但难免会遇到一些大声回答问题的同学,所以大家要做好心理准备,遇到外界干扰明显时也要沉着应对。

  口语考试的后四题,听力材料的难度和OG很接近,比Delta明显容易。主要体现在速度上比Delta慢,内容上几个关键要点比Delta的口语后四题容易找些。

12551355(实际考试56分钟左右,多算了4分钟阅读考试说明和等待的时间)

  这里是IBT最后的考试部分,写作。

  先是开始综合写作部分,考生会被要求在3分钟内读一篇学术文章,然后该文章被隐去,考生将会听到一段和该文章相关的录音。录音结束后文章会再次显示出 来(这个口语三、四题不太一样,口语三、四题的阅读文章出现过一次后就不再显示),此时开始20分钟的综合写作。综合写作需要对听力材料有很好的吸收理 解,所以听材料的时候记录笔记是非常必要的。虽然OG说听力材料可能是支持阅读材料,也可能是反对阅读材料的。但根据目前总结的机经看,支持的似乎严格来 说极为罕见,大多都是听力材料反对阅读材料的,个别可能也不太好说是支持还是反对,说成听力材料提出方案解决阅读材料的中的问题可能更合适些。

  综合写作的难度和OG近似,也明显比Delta的综合写作容易,同样是听力材料上速度比Delta的综合写作听力材料慢,而且考试中,听力材料的要点普遍反映比Delta里的容易找很多,做Delta综合写作时感到笔记难记,题目难写的朋友不用太担心。

  独立写作方面,根据最近几个月的机经显示,几乎没有和老托福TWE185题库里一样的题目,但目前的题目风格和TWE185题库极为近似,而且大多为支持/反对某一观点,或二选一类型的题目。该部分考试时间为30分钟。

  另外提一下,考试的时候两个写作都是键盘输入。系统会有除了有倒计时,还会有字数统计。其中OG上还规定了综合写作字数在150-225之间,但OG 也说了字数比250多些也不会被扣分。根据反映,独立写作考试时系统还会提示考生字数不能低于300,不过OG上也说了字数少于300还是有得到高分的可 能,但更强调考生应该也超过300的字数。根据旧托福TWE考试的经验,独立写作的字数还是和考生得分存在一定的"正比例"关系的,如果字数能达到 400,一般分数不会低到哪里去。

  最后提醒一下,考试的时候,错别字是不会被系统修改的(不想word有自动修正功能,所以大家平时最好用写字板或者文本文档练习)。

1355

  考试终于结束了。不过还没完,这时系统会让考生选择是否做回答一些问题(ETS用来做调研的),另外,还会问是否授权ETS引用考生的信息(应该包括 考生的答题情况),这些大家根据各自喜好办就行了。要注意的是,系统还会问考生是否需要成绩,此时如果选不要成绩,成绩就没有了(除非考后10天内,再交 一笔钱恢复成绩)。如果要的话,考生就会在考后15个工作日之后上网查到成绩。另外,考生如果事前填写了免费送分学校,一旦成绩(15个工作日后)出 来,ETS将自动进入送分程序,给考生往学校寄送成绩单,该指令无法取消,除非考生在考试结束时选择不要成绩。

P.S如果不是加考听力,而是加考阅读的话,还要比本文所说的时间晚大约20分钟才能结束考试。因为听力加考要用20分钟左右,阅读加考则需要用40分钟。也就是说如果10点正式开始考试的话,大概14点15分左右结束考试。



Orignal From: 2013年托福考试日历

2013年托福考试时间调整

据最新消息,2013年托福考试时间表已经正式公布,中国大陆2013年托福考试时间表已全部放出。除2月考位还没放出外,其它月份均有考位放出。天道小编特为各位考生带来官方公布的2013年托福考试时间表版本,如有时间变动或其他关于2013年托福考试时间资讯,小编将为大家第一时间带来一手资讯。敬请关注天道留学托福考试频道!

同时有重要改动:

1. 自2013年1月托福考试起,考试日到达考点报到时间提前到上午8:30。晚于上午8:30到场将被拒绝入场。请考生根据本网提供的考场地址,提前了解所报考场周边交通情况,妥善安排考试日交通,避免迟到;2. 托福考试要求中国大陆考生必须持二代身份证原件并经过核验后才能参加考试。为避免因身份证原因不能通过核验影响如期考试,请考生提前检查所持二代身份证是否有破损、电子芯片失效、过期等问题。未办理二代身份证的考生,特别是未成年考生,请先到户籍所在派出所办理二代身份证,再进行托福考试报名。3.考生报名时提交的个人邮寄地址(包括中文和英文)将被用于向考生邮寄重要通知和考试成绩,请慎重准确填写。

2013年托福考试时间表

image



Orignal From: 2013年托福考试时间调整

2012年12月17日星期一

如何使google搜索结果在新窗口打开

最近使用google,有原来的google.com.hk转到了google.com/ncr;是强制的不跳转到hk服务器(有cookies依赖,所以在访问google.com/ncr前最好清空一下浏览器),但随之问题也来了,就是每次搜索结果,我都得手动点击右键在新窗口打开。所以做了简单的检索和尝试,发现主要有以下几种方法:

1、勾选Google.com in English-> Search settings->Results Window-"Open search results in a new browser window."选项。

其实这是正解,但是对于我这种经常开浏览器以安全模式或者不记录任何记录或者关闭浏览器自动清理历史记录的,当第二次开启的时候,这个设置已经无效了。因为这个设置是google搜索cookies依赖的,所以对于安全性要求比较高的,这个方法可能不是很适用。

2、用鼠标中键点击Google搜索结果

这个方法很简单,但和我的操作习惯不一样,在别人电脑上用吧。

3、用Ctrl+鼠标左键点击Google搜索结果

这个方法是我在郁闷期时用的,但有了上面方法1和方法2,只有当别人电脑没有三键鼠标的时候用了。

4、拖拽Google搜索结果到新Tab页

我用ThinkPad的小红点,这是我最讨厌的方式,等我教老人或小孩学电脑是用。

5.就是安装插件到firefox和chrome等浏览器,但是这对于firefox爱好者来说不是问题,但是也很头疼,就是牺牲firefox的启动速度。

6.就是推荐使用油猴,然乎安装代码,这个之前在上一篇提到的GoogleMonkeyR,这个插件不仅解决了google去转向,自定义搜索,过滤设置等等,而且最好的再也不用担心在新窗口打开页面了。

7其他的代码,我在这里不推荐,因为我基本上都尝试过,非常之不稳定。

 

Orignal From: 如何使google搜索结果在新窗口打开

推荐几款浏览器下使用的划词搜索

大家可能会问为什么只推荐在浏览器下的划词搜索呢?因为

1. word等office应用下,我是使用正版office 2010,然后可以开启划词或者点词搜索,直接查询含义。

2.那么pdf等其他office软件呢?我主要使用lingoes软件划词或者点词搜索。但是由于lingoes作者已经好久没有更新了,导致lingoes在最新的浏览器下的兼容性越来越差。

3.那么其他软件下呢?我的理由是,我相信大家在其他软件上是不会遇到这种需要查询的问题啦,因为大家都是有一定功力的人哈。

转入正题:

1. firefox等支持Greasemonkey插件的浏览器都可以。第一款是Google translator Tooltip expanded 1.1, 您在访问的网站上选择要翻译的词,即刻在词的下方出现google ico,将鼠标放在上面自动翻译。

image

在安装这个代码前,请先安装上面的插件。

2. 一个划词搜索的代码插件是:Lookitup2,这个插件有好几个版本,推荐使用原作者的那个。

Quick Tour

1. Install the script.
2. Try it out, by clicking SHIFT+CTRL+SPACE
3. The search box will open
4. Enter some text in the search field (Tip: If you select some text before clicking SHIFT+CTRL+SPACE, then the search field will be display this text).
5. Click on the "w" button (also called tab), in order to look it up in Wikipedia
6. Click the ">" button to look it up in the next tab (Which is Wictionary)
7. As default, the system preloads the next tab, so the Wictionary search result should display quickly. Now, while you read the Wictionary results, the next tab (Chambers) is preloading in the background.
8. Click on the page, or press Esc key to close the box
9. Select some text, and press "w".
10. Wikipedia will open in the right side of the page. All sites have shortcuts, so you can go quickly to a specific search engine.
11. While the text is still highlighted, press "i", and a google image search will show up
12. Customize the script by pressing '#' while some text is hightlighted. You can disable the preload feature by changing "cache ahead" to "0", and clicking "Save". I recommend keeping the value low. I think "1" is the best setting, but "2" may be good for you.

翻译:

1。安装脚本。 2。试试吧,按一下SHIFT + CTRL + SPACE 3。搜索框将打开 4。在搜索字段(提示:如果你选择一些文本,然后单击SHIFT + CTRL + SPACE输入一些文字,然后在搜索字段将显示该文本)。 5。按"w"按钮(也称为选项卡) ,为了看看它在维基百科 6。单击"> "按钮,看看它的下一个选项卡( ,这是Wictionary的) 7。由于默认情况下,系统预装在未来的标签,所以的Wictionary搜索结果快速显示。现在,当你阅读Wictionary的结果,下一个选项卡(分庭)预压的背景。 8。点击页面上,或按Esc键关闭对话框 9。选择一些文字,然后按"W" 。 10。维基百科将打开的页面的右侧。所有的站点都有快捷键,这样你就可以快速进入特定的搜索引擎。 11。虽然仍是突出显示的文本,请按"我",一个谷歌图片搜索将显示 12。按" # ",而一些是突出显示的文本,自定义脚本。您可以禁用预载功能,通过改变"缓存进取"为"0" ,然后单击"保存" 。我建议值低。我认为, "1"是最好的设置,但"2 ",可能是对你有好处。

如果你安装了第一个划词搜索的插件,那么你就会发现上面的这段文字就是直接翻译的哦。更多功能等你安装了你就可以发现了,无需很多的技术支持的。



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