可供参考老题库154. "Both parents and communities must be involved in the local schools. Education is too important to leave solely to a group of professional educators."
父母和社会都必须参与到地方的学校中。教育太重要了以至于不能把教育完全交给一群职业教育者。
Educators, parents and communities can and should join efforts to create a healthy learning environment for children.
A. First of all, we should never look down upon the key role that professional educators play in fostering the younger generation.
B. Meanwhile, both parents and communities can make significant contribution to school education.
C. Without a constructive family and community environment, it would be almost impossible for school education to fulfill its noble mission.
教育之合作
观点：承认教育仅依靠老师是不够的，parents and communities也应该参与到教育中来。但是一定要适度，否则反而会影响教育。
1. 必须承认，parents and communities对于教育起着至关重要的作用。首先（parents are the first and best educators for their children's growth. They have a great influence on the children's character and mentality and become the model of their children），作为父母，他们是孩子的第一任老师，自己的言行举止都会影响到孩子，成为孩子的榜样。而且家长们要比学者更了解他们的孩子，比如性格特点等，让家长参与到教学中来能够帮助教育工作者了解这些孩子各自不同的特点，并采取不同的教学方法。而且，孩子有大段时间是不在学校的。若家长利用这些时间带孩子外出旅游，或增加他们与大自然的接触，就可以broaden their horizon。若父母不参与到教育中，不在学校的时间孩子可能玩电游，或在一起看暴力片violence、或打架斗殴。
2. 其次，对于communities，可以为孩子的成长提供良好的环境Sociability is a crucial factor for one's future development and success。With the communities' participation, local schools will do better in instructing children, especially in the respect of moral instruction. 科学家指出：在良好的社区环境中成长的孩子，干净的社区环境、和谐的社区气氛对孩子成长十分有益。而且学校的一些活动、如历史教育需要参观历史博物馆history museum等等，这都需要社区的配合。
3. 但是，毫无疑问让家长和社区参与到学校中来也会造成一些问题。首先，家长们总是更乐于从有利于自己的孩子的角度出发，没有大局观，反而有时会误导自己的孩子。而有些父母对于自己生活中的某种遗憾会变成对孩子的期望，不能真正让孩子学习自己感兴趣的东西；其次，家长和社区都缺乏专业的培训，难以了解专业教学法的作用，有时候甚至阻碍方法的实施。
4. 而专业的老师，受过教育心理学，相关的学习与培训，更容易引导学生进行有效的学习。比如培养学生兴趣；知道对于哪些类型的学生应采取什么样的教学方式，如耐心的指导孤立且表现不好的学生，而不是一味的催促他们学习。
范文：
Should parents and communities participate in local education because education is too important to leave to professional educators, as the speaker asserts? It might be tempting [Mr.1] to agree with the speaker, based on a parent's legal authority over, familiarity with, and interest in his or her own children. However, a far more compelling argument can be made that, except for major decisions such as choice of school, a child's education is best left to professional educators.
Communities of parents concerned about their children's education rely on three arguments for active parental and community participation in that process. The first argument, and the one expressed most often and vociferously, is that parents hold the ultimately legal authority to make key decisions about what and how their own children learn including choice of curriculum and text books, pace and schedule for learning, and the extent to which their child should learn alongside other children. The second argument is that only a parent can truly know the unique needs of a child including what educational choices are best suited for the child. The third argument is that parents are more motivated--by pride and ego--than any other person to take whatever measures are needed to ensure their children receive the best possible education.
Careful examination of these three arguments, however, reveals that they are specious at best. As for the first one, were we to allow parents the right to make all major decisions regarding the education of their children, many children would go with little or no education. In a perfect world parents would always make their children's education one of their highest priorities. Yet, in fact many parents do not. As for the second argument, parents are not necessarily best equipped to know what is best for their child when it comes to education. Although most parents might think they are sufficiently expert by virtue of having gone through formal education themselves, parents lack the specialized training to appreciate what pedagogical[Mr.2] methods are most effective, what constitutes a balanced education, how developmental psychology affects a child's capacity for learning at different levels and at different stages of childhood. Professional educators, by virtue of their specialized training in these areas, are far better able to ensure that a child receives a balanced, properly paced education.
There are two additional compelling arguments against the speaker's contention. First, parents are too subjective to always know what is truly best for their children. For example, many parents try to overcome their own shortcomings and failed self-expectations vicariously[Mr.3] through their children's accomplishments. Most of us have known parents who push their child to excel in certain areas--to the emotional and psychological detriment[Mr.4] of the child. Secondly, if too many parties become involved in making decisions about day-to-day instruction, the end result might be infighting, legal battles, boycotts[Mr.5] , and other protests, all of which impede the educational process; and the ultimate victims are the children themselves. Finally, in many jurisdictions[Mr.6] parents now have the option of schooling their children at home, as long as certain state requirements are met. In my observation, home schooling allows parents who prefer it great control over a child's education, while allowing the professional educators to discharge[Mr.7] their responsibilities as effectively as possible-- unfettered[Mr.8] by gadfly[Mr.9] parents who constantly interfere and intervene.
In sum, while parents might seem better able and better motivated to make key decisions about their child's education, in many cases they are not. With the possible exceptions of responsible home-schoolers, a child's intellectual, social, and psychological development is at risk when communities of parents dominate the decision-making process involving education.
[Mr.1]tempting
形容词
诱惑的，迷人的。 This orange looks very tempting. 这个橘子看来很吸引人。 a tempting market 吸引人的市面。
-ly 副词
[Mr.2]pedagogical
形容词
教育学的，教授法的；教师的。 pedagogic research group 教研组。
-gogically 副词
[Mr.3]vicarious
形容词
1.代理(人)的。
2.替代(别人)的；做替身的；(想像别人的苦乐而)产生同感[共鸣]的。
3.【医学】替代(性)的。
vicarious authority 代理职权。 vicarious haemorrhage 【医学】替代性出血。
-ly 副词,-ness 名词
[Mr.4]detriment
名词
1.损害，伤害。
2.有害物。
to the detriment of 有损于，不利于。 without detriment to 不损害[损伤]，无损于。
[Mr.5]boycott
及物动词
1.联合抵制；抵制(货物等)。
2.一致与…绝交。
boycott a nation 对某国实行抵制。 boycott a commercial product 抵制某种商品。 boycott sb. 一致不与某人往来。
名词
联合抵制；联合拒绝购买〔使用、经售等〕。 a class boycott 罢课。 put sb. [shop, goods] under a boycott 对某人〔商店、货物〕实行联合抵制。
[Mr.6]jurisdiction
名词
1.裁判权；司法；司法权。
2.管辖权；管辖范围；权限。
be under the jurisdiction of sb. 在某人管辖[权限]之下。 exercise [have] jurisdiction over sb. 对某人有裁判权。
-al 形容词
[Mr.7]discharge
及物动词
1.发射(炮等)，打(枪)，射(箭)。
2.起，卸(货)。
3.排泄，排出，放出(水等)。
4.释放；解除，免除(义务等)；遣散(军人)，使退役；放走，放行，罢免，解雇。
5.尽(义务等)，履行，践(约等)；清偿(债务)。
6.【电学】放(电)。
7.(印染中)除去染料[颜色]，漂白，拔染。
8.【法律】撤销(命令)。 discharge a bow 开弓。 discharge an arrow from a bow 射箭。 discharge a gun 开炮。 discharge a ship 卸货。 discharge one's duties 尽责。 A chimney discharges smoke. 烟囱冒烟。
不及物动词
1.卸货，起货。
2.(疮等)出脓，出水。
3.(染料、墨水等)洇，沁，渗。
4.放电。
5.(枪炮等)发射。
discharge (sb.) from (service; office; hospital; prison) 解(雇)；免(职)；使出(医院)；使出(狱)。 (The river) discharge (itself) into (the sea) (河)流注(海中)。 discharge oneself of one's duty 尽(义务)。
名词
1.发射，射出。
2.起货，卸货。
3.流出，排泄；流量；排泄物。
4.免除，释放；退伍，退役；解雇，免职。
5.退伍[解职，释放]证明书。
6.履行；清账，清偿欠款；(担保的)解除。
7.【电学】放电。
8.【纺织；印染】(印染中的)漂白(剂)。
be ready for the discharge from the hospital 随时皆可出院。 discharge from the ears [eyes, nose] 耳屎[眼屎，鼻涕]。 the discharge of contract 契约的解除。
[Mr.8]unfettered
形容词
解去脚镣的；没有受到拘束的，自由的。 the unfettered press 自由出版(权)。
[Mr.9]gadfly
名词
1.【动物；动物学】虻，牛虻。
2.讨厌的人。
3.强烈的刺激[冲动]。
Orignal From: All parents should be required to volunteer time to their children's schools
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